Cellular
SS-31
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
SS-31 is a cell-permeable tetrapeptide that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane through interaction with cardiolipin, a phospholipid essential to cristae architecture and respiratory supercomplex assembly. Its alternating aromatic-cationic motif drives membrane targeting independent of mitochondrial membrane potential — a mechanistic distinction from earlier targeting strategies such as TPP+ conjugation.
Research applications
- Cardiolipin binding and cristae morphology studies
- Mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis assays
- Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress models
- Ischemia-reperfusion injury research
Storage
Store lyophilized powder at -20°C protected from light. Reconstituted solution stable at 2-8°C for up to 30 days.
Reconstitution
Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water directed down the vial wall. Swirl gently.
Published literature
462 papers indexed on PubMed for SS-31. Showing 6, reviews first.
- 01Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance
Mendias CL, Awan TM · Sports Med · 2026
- 02Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential
Tung C et al. · Int J Mol Sci · 2025
- 03Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Silent Catalyst of Kidney Disease Progression
Pavlović N et al. · Cells · 2025
- 04Beyond the injection: delivery systems reshaping retinal disease management
Rowe LW et al. · Expert Opin Pharmacother · 2025
- 05Innovative technologies for the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - modern therapeutic perspectives and their future
Ciszewski P et al. · Rom J Ophthalmol · 2025
- 06Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Nashine S · Cells · 2021
Indexed from PubMed, 2026-07-19. We link to sources rather than reproducing them.
Related compounds
MOTS-c
10mg · COA published
16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide studied for AMPK activation and metabolic homeostasis.
- CAS
- 1627580-64-7
- MW
- 2174.61
- Purity
- Per published certificate
Epitalon
10–50mg · COA published
Synthetic tetrapeptide studied for telomerase activity and pineal regulation in cell and animal models.
- CAS
- 307297-39-8
- MW
- 390.35
- Purity
- Per published certificate
NAD+
500–1000mg · COA published
Essential redox coenzyme and substrate for sirtuins and PARPs — central to metabolic and DNA repair research.
- CAS
- 53-84-9
- MW
- 663.43
- Purity
- Per published certificate
Glutathione
750–1500mg · COA published
Endogenous thiol tripeptide and the principal intracellular antioxidant, central to redox buffering research.
- CAS
- 70-18-8
- MW
- 307.32
- Purity
- Per published certificate
How SS-31 compares
Side-by-side against the compounds researchers most often weigh it against, with price per milligram, mechanism and the published certificate for each.
SS-31
From $49